Challenges in Federalism Management in Nepal

Challenges in Federalism Management in Nepal

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Introduction

Federalism in Nepal, adopted via the 2015 Constitution, establishes one central government, seven provincial governments, and 753 local governments to ensure self-governance, peace, and prosperity. Despite its potential, managing federalism faces challenges in resources, administration, and coordination. (Source: Shanta Marasini, Kantipur)

Federalism in Context

• Unitary vs. Federal: Unitary systems centralize power; federal systems share it among autonomous tiers.
• Nepal’s Structure: 1 central government, 7 provinces, 753 local governments; provisions for special areas.
• Purpose: Address autocratic governance, ensure identity, peace, and development.

Challenges in Federalism Management

1. Resource Allocation: Central control over resources limits provincial/local operations; equitable distribution needed.
[](https://www.opmcm.gov.np/federalism-admin/)
2. Administrative Adjustments: Employee Adjustment Act, 2075, faces implementation issues; inexperienced staff hinder efficiency.
[](https://ekarmachari.com/archives/45403)
3. Infrastructure Deficits: Lack of offices, residences, and facilities for provincial/local governments.
[](https://nepalindata.com/ne/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2598%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25BE-%25E0%25A4%259B%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0-%25E0%25A4%25B0-%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8/)
4. Inter-Governmental Coordination: Weak coordination due to unclear policies and incomplete structures.
[](https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2019/02/743140)
5. Capacity Building: Limited deployment of experienced staff and training opportunities for provinces.
[](https://nepalindata.com/ne/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2598%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25BE-%25E0%25A4%259B%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0-%25E0%25A4%25B0-%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8/)
6. Political Commitment: Centralization tendencies and skepticism undermine federalism’s sustainability.
[](https://nepalindata.com/ne/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2598%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25BE-%25E0%25A4%259B%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0-%25E0%25A4%25B0-%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8/)
7. High Costs: Multiple governments increase costs and public expectations, risking disputes.
[](https://nepalindata.com/ne/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2598%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25BE-%25E0%25A4%259B%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0-%25E0%25A4%25B0-%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8/)

Opportunities

Federalism promotes local governance, citizen participation, and equitable development through strategic resource sharing and coordination.

Exam-Focused Notes

• Key Figures: 1 central government, 7 provinces, 753 local governments; 2015 Constitution.
• Constitutional Basis: Schedules 5–9 (powers); Article 302(2) (employee adjustments).
• Common Questions: Resource allocation, administrative challenges, coordination issues.
• Source: Shanta Marasini, Kantipur; web sources (e.g.,,).
[](https://www.opmcm.gov.np/federalism-admin/)[](https://nepalindata.com/ne/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2598%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25BE-%25E0%25A4%259B%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0-%25E0%25A4%25B0-%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8/)

Preparation Tips

• Memorize Nepal’s federal structure and constitutional provisions.
• Study challenges: resource centralization, infrastructure, coordination.
• Review Employee Adjustment Act, 2075.
• Stay updated via www.gitab.com.np.
• Follow LoksewaDiary for video classes.

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