Nepal's Governance System
Introduction to Governance System
The governance system refers to the mechanisms, actors, and structural arrangements established for governance. It involves the operation of governance structures, the distribution of authority, and the delineation of responsibilities.
Nepal’s Governance System
Nepal is an independent, sovereign, secular, and democratic nation. Its governance system relies on directly elected public representatives and a merit-based administrative structure that strengthens democracy. Key features include:
- Parliamentary democratic system.
- Republican framework.
- Universal adult suffrage.
- Federalism.
- Goal of decentralized federalism.
- Merit-based administrative system.
- Sovereign and independent (free from colonialism).
- Emphasis on human rights, gender equality, and social inclusion.
Differences Between Unitary and Federal Governance Systems
| Unitary Governance System | Federal Governance System |
|---|---|
| Operates under centralized policies, laws, and plans. | Operates based on provincial policies and plans. |
| Single central parliament, government, and judiciary. | Multiple parliaments, governments, and judiciaries varying by province. |
| Ethnic, linguistic, and geographical unity. | Ethnic, linguistic, and geographical division into provinces. |
| Central administration operates nationwide. | Provincial administrations are established. |
| No concept of autonomous provincial governance. | Recognizes autonomous provincial governance and decentralization. |
Conclusion
Whether unitary or federal, a governance system must promote economic development, poverty alleviation, inclusivity, and respect for human, child, and public rights. Nepal’s parliamentary democratic system, established after the 2062/63 People’s Movement, incorporates these principles, but their practical implementation remains a challenge.