National Security in Nepal
Introduction to National Security
National security refers to measures taken to maintain peace and stability within a nation’s boundaries, ensuring freedom from fear and threats. It includes security policies, laws, agencies, and public awareness.
Concept of National Security
National security is tied to protecting citizens’ rights to live safely, pursue employment, and enjoy human rights. The social contract theory suggests states were formed to ensure security and regulation. The rise of colonialism, expansionism, and terrorism has made national security critical. Post-World War I and II, the United Nations and global security unity reshaped this concept. Global partnerships are increasingly vital due to the role of external security systems.
Domains of National Security
The scope of national security includes:
- Policy and Legal Domain: Government policies and legal frameworks for security.
- Institutional Domain: Mechanisms like Nepal’s Ministry of Home Affairs, Nepal Police, Nepalese Army, Armed Police Force, and National Security Council.
- Operational Domain: Ensuring a safe environment for citizens’ activities, e.g., preventing theft and resolving disputes.
- External Security Relations: Coordination with other countries on issues like terrorism and border security.
- Management Domain: Planning, directing, monitoring, and evaluating security management.
- Other Areas: Controlling internal conflicts, organized crime, and social violence.
Existing Provisions for National Security in Nepal
Nepal has the following provisions for national security:
- Policy and Legal Provisions:
- Nepal’s Interim Constitution, 2063, emphasizes peace and dignified living.
- The Three-Year Plan (2070/71–2072/73) aims to improve security systems.
- The 2070/71 budget prioritizes peace and order.
- Focus on global security principles.
- Government emphasis on protecting lives, property, and freedoms.
- Institutional Provisions:
- National Security Council chaired by the Prime Minister.
- Central, Regional, and District Security Committees.
- Nepal Police, Armed Police Force, and Nepalese Army deployed across 75 districts.
- National Investigation Department for criminal investigations.
- Arrangements for controlling narcotics and human trafficking.
- Operational Provisions:
- Agencies perform duties as per their responsibilities.
- Inter-agency coordination and periodic discussions.
- Judicial mechanisms for punishment and rewards.
- Global coordination for international and border crimes.
- Awareness programs on religious, ethnic, and gender-related crimes.
- Management of small arms.
- Regular discussions with neighboring countries’ security agencies.
Conclusion
A secure system fosters positivity for individuals, society, and the nation. National security ensures internal and external safety. Nepal’s provisions are commendable, but addressing growing security challenges and impunity is critical for peace and stability.
