Multi-Level Governance in Nepal
Introduction to Multi-Level Governance
In modern governance systems, the government is not the sole entity responsible for governance. Various actors, both directly and indirectly, have emerged, exerting significant influence. The presence of multiple actors in governance is referred to as multi-level governance.
This emergence is driven by localization and globalization. For example, internal governance involves cooperation, pressure, and monitoring from entities like the UN. Liberalization has advanced the private sector’s role in policy formulation and laws. Local communities, religious groups, cooperatives, and local bodies also influence governance.
Informal Actors in Governance
The following entities play a role in informal governance:
- Various institutions under the United Nations.
- National and international organizations.
- National and international non-governmental organizations (NGOs).
- International diplomatic missions.
Challenges Created by These Actors
While informal governance is indispensable, it poses challenges, such as:
- Pressure on internal politics.
- Situations where government priorities are sidelined, affecting policies, plans, and programs.
- Pressure to comply with international agreements.
- Interference in internal appointments, recruitments, and postings.
- Impact on national sovereignty.
Conclusion
There is no complete alternative to multi-level governance. Civil society ensures democratic governance, the private sector fosters competitiveness, and globalization brings international actors, making their presence almost inevitable. This aids the government through support, pressure, and coordination. Leveraging these actors to prioritize national needs will strengthen governance.
